Soft system and social technical approaches

Dynamic Scientific examination has been advancing at an inexorably disturbing rate. This has been activated by the prerequisite of exploration network to give noteworthy responses what exactly appears as intricate and untidy world risky situations.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Soft System and Social Technical Approaches explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this impact, researchers feel committed to direct an interdisciplinary examination venture planned for expanding information in all the orders (Bandura 2002). Such examination ventures are planned for taking care of the difficulties the globalizations and progression in innovation present to the clients and purchasers of data. The precision, uprightness, and availability of data have gotten one of the major issues that such examination targets tending to. The issues of trustworthiness of data use and the security of data is turning into a centrality. The plan of the data framework ought to have the option to address the difficulties, for example, the moral issues that have become a significant migraine to the scientists in the data and innovation field. The capacity to introduce a framework that tended to such difficulties will be a huge achievement in tending to the difficulties of the time and age. Acquaintance With different variables contributing with any issues in the current world, such varieties make the world increasingly perplexing and complicated. There is requirement for a genial methodology in tending to and settling such issues. It is never clear the instance of recognizing the main driver of the issue or diagnosing the issue in a flash. With so much disarray frequently encompassing issues, it might appear to be difficult to decide a suitable arrangement. So as to determine such issues, a critical thinking approach is principal. Also, the methodologies ought to have the option to consider different elements of the issue. This may involve the unmistakably understanding what's going on and systems or conceptualize of the conceivable instrument of tending to the issue or improving the circumstance. Delicate Systems Methodology (SSM) is one of the methodologies (Bandura 2002). Delicate framework methodolgy Soft Systems Methodology is a result of the proceeding with Action Research of Prof Peter Checkland, Brian Wilson in addition to different scientists. It is a rule instrument to critical thinking. The exertion was in acknowledgment of the way that not all issues are clear and neither do they have an anticipated solution.Advertising Looking for report on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Common mistaken assumptions have developed where the strategy has been seen as wanted to take care of delicate issues, for example, issues including the social and social angles. Despite what might be expected, the idea applies to both hard and delicate issues. The system, anyway receives a n alternate methodology in each risky circumstance. The ‘hardness’ or ‘softness’ isn't n intrinsic quality of the apparent issue, rather it identifies with how the issue is seen by those associated with looking for the arrangement (Checkland 1985). Every single dangerous circumstance contain both delicate and hard angles. An issue turns into an issue kid the ideals of being seen as such by individuals. This can be compared to such a platitude, that â€Å"one man’s poison is another man’s meat†. Current clarifications and issues identifying with delicate framework Developed in 1970 by Peter Checkland with his associates, Soft frameworks philosophy (SSM) was intended to give intercessions in the difficulties experienced in the executives, hierarchical and strategy settings. The procedure proves to be useful particularly where neither the issues nor the appropriate responses are self-evident. It is firmly identified with the building frame work draws near. Be that as it may, in contrast to the building framework, it perceives the focal significance of point of view or world-see in social circumstances. The methodology is not quite the same as the ‘systems science’ approaches that was progressed during the 1960s, and ponders more activity research in its way of thinking and approach. SSM is not the same as approaches of hard frameworks through its method of managing the framework idea. As indicated by hard framework approach, a ‘system’ is viewed as ontological substance elements or items that exist in reality. For example, when one discusses articles, for example, PC framework or transport framework, they mean physical things which can be portrayed authoritatively just as organized to address a specific issue. SSM, then again, views the idea of ‘system’ as an epistemological element and not ontological substance a development of the psyche that guides in human comprehension. At t he point when we are taking a gander at an association as a framework, for example, the things that come in our brains incorporate the exercises that happen inside that organization. We think about the way toward changing over some crude materials into given completed items; we likewise think about the endeavors to make benefits; we additionally get a psychological image of various workers as holders of various situations inside the association. With respect to the case for the jobless youthful alumni, they would take a gander at the association as a potential employer.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Soft System and Social Technical Approaches explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More basically, various individuals will have shifted discernments over a given association. It isn't feasible for us to give a given single guidance as either right or wrong while there are other distinctive to comprehend what is happening in the earth. In this manner, it i s basic to comprehend the recognitions and estimations of various people to get an away from of what concerns them inside a given framework. While attempting to comprehend a creation organization, as a framework, for instance, we are aware of the procedure of transformation of crude materials into the item. The framework would in this manner be made out of such partners as providers of crude material, sugar-stick ranchers, for instance. We would likewise have clients to buy the made items. When taking a gander at an association whose sole target is to make occupations for local people, the framework would comprise an alternate arrangement of components. For this situation we would be keen on the framework, for example, improved market foundations to empower ranchers sell their homestead produce. Improved vehicle framework would likewise be of significance to take into consideration simple development of individuals and the products. A dependable correspondence system to permit oppor tune progression of data would likewise be of centrality. Limit lines that are diverse have been drawn basing on various impression of individuals on what they see as the framework. The advancement of SSM was impacted by the need to discover answers for complex circumstances where the issue to be fathomed isn't clear; and the influenced gathering of individuals hold distinctive comprehension of what comprises the issue and the conceivable arrangement. For example how to improve ranch efficiency by increasing the utilization of substance composts simultaneously rationing the earth; likewise how to acknowledge industrialization without unfavorably influencing the earth regarding contamination. A general public may likewise be confronted with a test of how to manage youth posses, who represent a danger to the network or medication abusers. The way to deal with fathoming such difficulties may take numerous measurements. Be that as it may, rather than taking care of the issue, some propo sed choice may really compound the circumstance. There is have to investigate the more extensive circumstance and the conceivable results of picking any given approach.Advertising Searching for report on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This is so in light of the fact that, a few circumstances are interlaced; transforming one component may have thump on impacts on different viewpoints. A far reaching comprehension of the connections that exist among circumstances is fundamental. The job of SSM is to offer clients with a rule in building up an improved comprehension of the unpredictability of situations’. Procedures SSM is described by seven phases as follows: 1) Identification of the dangerous circumstance that requires intercession. 2). Leading an exhaustive examination so to catch the master plan. 3) Perspective choice and a development of root definitions (the significant procedures that need to happen inside the ideal framework). 4) Conceptualization of a change framework model. 5) Comparison of the model with this present reality circumstance. 6) Definitions of the progressions to be made. Audit of writing It is important to coordinate our comprehension and displaying over a wide scope of spatial and wor ldly scales so as to address complex cultural and natural Challenges. This requires an expansion in the degree of cultural significant Science (Lubchenco 2008). Framework based methodologies have been basic in attempting to get mankind and our associations with the outside condition. Ludwig Von Bertalanffy is perceived for his significant forward leap in frameworks based methodologies in the mid twentieth century (Lubchenco 2008). Ludwig Von (Biologist) along with Kenneth Boulding (market analyst), Ralph Gerard (scholar), and Anatol Rapoport (mathematician) further built up a ‘General frameworks theory’ planned for tending to the necessity for an increasingly coordinated way to deal with tackling cultural issues. This prompted the introduction of Society for General Systems Research in 1954 whose name later changed to the â€Å"International Society for Systems Science (Sage 1992). As indicated by Checkland, in utilizing a â€Å"Participative Approach† partners are well on the way to arrive at facilities †a typical comprehension on the most proficient method to address a given risky circumstance. Through such appro

An In-depth Analysis of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” Essay

Beside the Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet is presumably additionally one of the most acclaimed catastrophes that William Shakespeare has ever composed. Much the same as whatever other catastrophes that Shakespeare has composed, the story finished with the slaughtering of numerous individuals including the principle character, Hamlet. It likewise shows Shakespeare’s composing style with the idea of retribution, denied love, and numerous others. Before we can dissect the character of Hamlet, let us first take a brief look on the story. The setting of the story is in Denmark. The story started with the late King Hamlet frequenting the night as a phantom. Later on, Prince Hamlet’s companion, Horatio and the ruler himself was told by the phantom that he was killed by Claudius, the King’s sibling. Subsequent to killing King Hamlet, Claudius got the seat and King Hamlet’s spouse Gertrude. With these things being known by the youthful village, he at that point plans for vengeance. This arrangement comprised of acting frantic and recruiting and acting troupe to re-order the said murder of the ruler. After the acting, Gertrude chided Hamlet for being unfaithful to the King uninformed that Polonius is taking cover behind the blinds. Hamlet coincidentally executed Polonius for he mixed up him as the King. Along these lines, Prince Hamlet was sent to England without knowing Claudius’ plans of murdering him there. Be that as it may, Hamlet figures out how to get away from the gatekeepers and had the option to return to Denmark. Be that as it may, the story didn't end there, with the demise of his dad Polonius, Ophelia lost her psyche. Along these lines, Laertes (Ophelia’s sibling) went to Denmark to deliver retribution particularly when he discovered that Ophelia has suffocated herself. Laertes arranged his vengeance to be done in a fencing fight and that he will cut Hamlet with a harmed blade and that the ruler would give him a harmed cup in the event that he wins. In any case, the arrangement went insane when Gertrude drank with the harmed cup as a result of Hamlet’s close to triumph and when Laertes cut villa with the harmed blade. They at that point trade swords and Hamlet figured out how to wound Laertes with the harmed sharp edge. Understanding that them three are going to pass on, Hamlet chose to wound Claudius and make him drink the remainder of the harmed drink (Kriszner). Investigation of Hamlet’s Character After having perused these things occur and done by our Shakespearean character, we can say that Hamlet doesn't have a consistent or fixed trademark. Hamlet never neglects to tell the perusers that there is a whole other world to him that meets the eye. From the outset, it appeared that Hamlet is only a sovereign that is interested about his father’s passing. Be that as it may, as the story advances, the perusers were seeing increasingly more of him. Hamlet, I should state, is a sane, truth-chasing character. In the event that we are not to discover the profundity of Hamlet’s character’s it might appear that he is only a vindictive character. Be that as it may, making arrangements for retribution is not the same as looking for reality. Prior to arranging his vengeance, Hamlet originally needed to affirm if the Claudius is blameworthy. With his activities when he employed an acting gathering, we can see that he is being sane and that despite the fact that he was by all accounts extremely furious at the King, he despite everything decided to see first if the King is extremely blameworthy. Hamlet is likewise insightful on the grounds that all the proof that may demonstrate that the King killed his dad is there yet he was so anxious to demonstrate that Claudius is liable. Albeit any individual or peruser would accept that the proof is sufficient, Hamlet despite everything shows question and poses inquiries in his brain. Beside being pondering, we can say that the character of Hamlet is likewise imprudent. A proof to this is the inadvertent slaughtering of Polonius. Hamlet didn't invest energy to check in the event that it is actually the lord or not. In view of this lack of caution, more retribution was activated simply like the arranged vengeance of Laertes which partook as the story advanced. He is additionally indiscreet when his character abruptly moves to being a crazy person. Hamlet’s hastiness is additionally observed through his over conditioned talks and references. The character of Hamlet likewise shows discontent, to his family as well as to current status of Denmark and in the long run, the entire world. This can be seen when he was baffled about his mom when he wedded Claudius directly subsequent to King Hamlet passed on. It is likewise perceptible in the play that he executes a specific aversion for ladies. This can be seen when he didn't care for the activities of his own mom and when he denied his adoration for Ophelia (â€Å"Hamlet Character Analysis†). Hamlet is likewise a character of will and enthusiasm. His character in the play superbly suits his being youthful and excited. As a result of his â€Å"youngness† and being excited, we couldn't help thinking that he doesn't set aside some effort to reflect. Once more, a model is the point at which he murdered Polonius. He simply does things that he thinks would fit the circumstance. He gets things done by his will that is the reason the impression it gives the crowd is that he is a character that is brimming with quality. Another quality of the Shakespearean legend is being unsure or astounded. These are showed with his getting some information about existence in the wake of death, self destruction, and so forth. Another piece of the play wherein we can see Hamlet’s being uncertain is the point at which he adjusted his perspective in slaughtering King Claudius when he saw him supplicating. He at that point chose to murder him when â€Å"he is smashed, snoozing, or in a rage† which could be an increasingly deadly chance. Since he can't settle on when to execute the King, he depended on first demonstrating that the King truly killed his dad. Various feelings can likewise be found in the character of Hamlet. As the play advances, various feelings are appeared by our Shakespearean legend. At certain parts, we can see a furious Hamlet where there are a few sections where we consider Hamlet to be a character of hopelessness. There are additionally parts that he was by all accounts warm with Ophelia. Hamlet likewise executes selling out and submit lies when he exchanged the letters and when he went about as a crazy person. Additionally, in some different pieces of the story, we can see a lamenting Hamlet (Mabillard). Hamlet is additionally a capable character and is extremely ready to forfeit. In spite of the fact that it is evident that he needs vengeance, we can say that he is simply being mindful in looking for equity for his father’s demise. He is dependable on the grounds that he didn't stop until he discovered equity for his father’s passing. He yielded a great deal of things like his affection for Ophelia and even relinquished his own life only for equity. In conclusion, Hamlet shows an alternate lose of confidence in individuals. One piece of the play is the point at which he lost his adoration for Ophelia. Additionally, there are a few pieces of the story wherein he appeared to have parcel his enthusiasm forever and that he thinks about the world as tainted and unclean. Hamlet turned out to be exceptionally critical about the world subsequent to discovering what his dad has experienced. He indicated dissatisfaction and discontent not exclusively to Denmark yet to the entire world. Character Development, Dramatic Structure, and Presentation The improvement of Hamlet’s character began from being vindictive, to battling for his life and equity, at that point lamenting for the demise of friends and family and the present condition of his country. Hamlet, I should state, is one of the most â€Å"flavorful† characters that Shakespeare has ever constructed. His character began from being irate which come about because of arranging retribution. As a result of his arrangements, he at that point changes to a character who battles from the circumstance he put his self into. What's more, ultimately, he shows sorrow with the friends and family he had lost (â€Å"Hamlet†). The sensational structure of the play is clearly a disaster. Obviously, the emotional substance of the play incorporates strife. A large number of Shakespeare’s plays show request or solidarity. A significant number of them include a gathering of individuals or society which will at that point be broken. This circumstance would appear to be uncertain until the finish of the story or until everybody is executed. Another piece of the structure of this show is the presence of the powerful. This could be found within the sight of the apparition of King Hamlet. This was additionally done by Shakespeare in a portion of his works like Macbeth and Midsummer night’s dream. This will at that point cause the unsettling influence of the circumstance. On account of Hamlet, the apparition of King Hamlet activated youthful Hamlet’s feelings which came about to looking for vengeance. Since the story is a disaster, we expect that the contention must be settled with the demise of the principle character. Notwithstanding, not all catastrophes end after the murdering of the fundamental character. A few catastrophes end by lamenting to the passing of the fallen legend or conveying the hero’s dead body. This will at that point show the â€Å"bringing back† of solidarity among the messed up society. Such emotional structure was made by Shakespeare particularly for the eighteenth century where in the idea of disasters are not yet or less acknowledged by general society (Jhonston). Social Significance Hamlet has its consequences for culture. It demonstrated the individuals to confront reality and not avoid reality. In the century when the play was made, social chain of importance is a serious deal. Economic wellbeing is a significant issue that is the reason the play tends to that we ought to be consistent with ourselves and that we ought not enhance the brutal real factors of life (Cook). It appears that Shakespeare needed to show the flaws of man through Hamlet’s disappointment of the world. The play appears to whimper about the present condition of our way of life and society and that individuals ought not decorate the missteps of the general public and the way of life they based upon. Reference: Cook, Hardy M. â€Å"The Meaning of Hamlet†. 2004. July 18 2007. <http://www. shaksper. net/documents/2004/1938. html>. â€Å"Hamlet†. 2006. July 19 2007. <http://www. teachwithmovies. organization/tests/village. html>. â€Å"Hamlet Character Analysis†. 2005. Total Shakespeare. July 18 2007. <http://absoluteshakespeare. com/guides/articles/hamlet_characters_essay. htm>. Jhonston, Ian. ?

How I Lost Control of My Ereading

How I Lost Control of My Ereading This is a guest post from Justina Ireland. Justina enjoys dark chocolate, dark humor, and is not too proud to admit that she’s still afraid of the dark. She lives with her husband, kid, and dog in Pennsylvania. She is the author of Vengeance Bound and Promise of Shadows, both currently available from Simon and Schuster Books for Young Readers. Her essay “Me, Some Random Guy, and the Army of Darkness” is in the forthcoming The V-Word, an anthology of personal essays by women about having sex for the first time, published by Beyond Words (SS). You can find Justina on twitter as @tehawesomersace or visit her website  justinaireland.com. ____________________ I was an early adopter of the ereader.  The idea of a limitless library in my purse was awesome.  I remember going to the library as a kid and walking up to the circulation desk with an armful of books, only to be told that I could only check out ten. Ten?!? Ten was never going to be enough to last me until my next visit. So the idea of ALL the books with me at all times was a thrilling one, similar to the way some people feel when they hold a gun.  Sure, I wasn’t going to kill a man with my ereader, it was kind of pricey.  But I could download a book and learn how to kill a man, so it was almost as good. Plus, with an ereader I never had to worry about awkward book interactions.  I read what I wanted where I wanted!  No one was going to side-eye my Scottish vampire erotica in the waiting room.  For all they knew I was flushed because it was a bit warm, not because I reading a particularly inventive scene featuring a handsome footman and a lusty lady of the manor. All the books I wanted whenever I wanted wherever I wanted.   It was a heady time. Alas, I should’ve remembered Ben Parker’s warning to young Peter: “With great power comes great responsibility.”  Because my ereader was my single greatest downfall. Having all of that content so easily available has made me a terrible and thoughtless reader. It started with the books I’d buy.  Discounted ebooks are the Jello shots of the book world.  No one goes to the bar thinking “I’m going to get hammered on raspberry Jello spiked with bottom shelf vodka!” Similarly, no one goes to their favorite etailer thinking “I’m going to get this book I’ve never heard of with bad cover art and a recommendation from the Toledo Association of Cat Fanciers.” But at $1.99, everything looks appealing.   And so I bought things I’d never normally pick up.  Slews of first books in a series, anything cleverly named The Fill in the Blank’s Daughter, vegetarian cookbooks, even though my favorite vegetable happens to be steak.  I bought it all. Because I could. But what to do with such a magnificent bounty of the written word?  Well, read it.  Only, most of the books I’d bought weren’t things that would hold my interest.  With limits in both space and money I’d been choosy about my book purchases.  At a twenty dollar price tag I was a careful consumer, picking up stories, sampling the first chapter, trying on the writing to see if the phrases came together in an appealing way.  But at $1.99 I was mad with power, buying first and sampling later. So when I finally did get around to reading my purchase I ended up quitting the book early on, putting it aside because of bad writing or terrible characterization or just a simple lack of interest. When I did find that diamond in the rough, that rare discounted ebook that was just freaking amazing, I’d read it twice as fast as a paper book.  Somehow, pushing the next page button was an addiction, a finger twitch that my eyes rushed to keep up with.  And finding that gem of a story made me anxious to see what else was out there, so that I’d buy an author’s entire back catalog, especially if it was also $1.99. I was an ebook junkie.  I told myself I could quit at any time, but there I’d be, back at the etailer, trolling for titles I didn’t have, like an ebook was some unusual Pokémon.  I had to have them all. After about a year of this the madness, I had to stop.  I put my ereader away and used my book money for buying hardcovers and trade paperbacks.  When the announcement for some fantastic $1.99 ebook came across Twitter I’d restrain myself, only purchasing the book if it had actually been on my list.  For obscure titles I read the sample first and tried to evaluate if I would actually read the book.  Usually the answer was a no, so I’d carefully click the buy window shut before I could talk myself into purchasing it. I’d like to say I’m better now, that my to read pile is smaller and that there aren’t seven hundred books sitting on my ereader right now.  But that is a lie.  The truth is, there are still good days and bad days.  I still buy more meh books than amazing books.  I still have more books than I could ever hope to read in four lifetimes, and I’m still buying more every day. But I also buy physical books, only reading on my ereader once or twice a month.   So I think I’m at least doing a little better. Maybe. ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves.

Comparing Islam and Christianity on violence Free Essay Example, 2000 words

However, questions are continuously raised in the approach of people in Christianity towards using force and violence in a justified manner. Throughout the history of Christianity, certain teachings of the Old Testament and the New Testament were referred with regard to justifying the use of force or violence in Christianity (Volf 1-17). According to Weaver, the answer to the question of whether Christianity supports violence is quite simple for many. This is because of the fact that there are various scenarios which can directly present the controversial approach of Christianity towards violence which notably include the Warrior Pope’s in the history, support of the Christians towards the corporal and capital punishment and the extensive practice of slavery among the many that exist. Conversely, Weaver also argued about a few of the aspects including the teachings of Jesus where He taught people about loving the enemies, eliminating non-violence from the society and ensuring peace all over the world extensively oppose the aspect of violence (Harris, †Letter to a Christian Nation†; Weaver, â€Å"Violence In Christian Theology†). Hence, the worldviews of the relationship between Christianity and violence is quite blurred and the debate in this subject matter everlasting. We will write a cust om essay sample on Comparing Islam and Christianity on violence or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now WORLDWIDE VIEWS OF VIOLENCE IN ISLAM Similar to Christianity, violence in Islam is also an important topic of extensive discussion worldwide. Observably, a few of the doctrines and texts associated with Islam provide strong evidences and cases of their association with extensive violence. According to the study of Sutton and Vertigans, western world holds a fixed view towards Islam where they directly depict it as the religion of violence. The study also states that as per the western world, Islam is †a religion of the sword† where conflict, aggressions and terrorism are deeply prevalent within the activities of the people (1-33). In this regard, Puniyani depicts that owing to the extensive association of the religion with terrorism, people within the Islamic community also hold the view that this religion is associated with activities of violence (1-25). However, the research of Juergensmeyer affirms that like in any other religion, the teaching of Islam also focuses more on ascertaining peace and non-violence throughout the world with occasionally allowing the use of force and violent activities. He further believes that similar to Christianity, Islam also does not disregard violence at one point while on the other hand it teaches that self-defense is a right of human beings (3-20).

The Age of Pericles and Periclean Athens

The Age of Pericles refers to part of the Classical Age of Greece, when the dominant polis—in terms of culture and politics—was Athens, Greece. Most of the cultural wonders that we associate with ancient Greece come from this period. The Dates of the Classical Age Sometimes the term Classical Age refers to the entire expanse of ancient Greek history, from the archaic period, but when used to distinguish one era from the next, the Classical Age of Greece begins with the Persian Wars (490-479 B.C.) and ends with either the empire-building or the death of the Macedonian leader Alexander the Great (323 B.C.). The Classical Age is followed by the Hellenistic Age that Alexander ushered in. Besides war, the Classical era in Athens, Greece, produced great literature, philosophy, drama, and art. There is a single name that signifies this artistic period: Pericles. The Age of Pericles (in Athens) The Age of Pericles runs from the middle of the 5th century to either his death at the start of the Peloponnesian War or the end of the war, in 404. Pericles as Leader While he was not a king or dictator in charge of Athens, Greece, Pericles was the foremost statesman of Athens from 461-429. Pericles was repeatedly elected to be one of the 10 strategoi (generals). Aspasia of Miletus Pericles was strongly influenced by Aspasia, a female philosopher and courtesan from Miletus, who lived in Athens, Greece. Because of a recent citizenship law, Pericles couldnt marry a woman who wasnt born in Athens, so he could only cohabit with Aspasia. Pericles' Reforms Pericles introduced payment for public offices in Athens. Pericles' Building Projects Pericles initiated the building of the Acropolis structures. The Acropolis was the high point of the city, the original fortifiable area before the city of Athens expanded. Temples topped the Acropolis, which was behind the Pnyx  hill where the assembly of the people gathered. Pericles preeminent building project was the Parthenon  (447-432 B.C.), on the Acropolis. The famed Athenian sculptor Pheidias, who was also responsible for the chryselephantine  statue of Athena, supervised this project. Ictinus and Callicrates served as architects for the Parthenon. Delian League Pericles is credited with moving the treasury of the Delian League to Athens, Greece, and using its money to rebuild the Acropolis temples that the Persians had destroyed. This was an abuse of the treasury funds. The money was supposed to be for the  defense of Athens and its Greek allies. Other Famous Men in the Classical Age Besides Pericles, Herodotus the father of history and his successor, Thucydides, and the 3 famous Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides lived during this period. There were also renowned philosophers like Democritus during this period, as well as sophists. Drama and philosophy flourished. The Peloponnesian War But then the Peloponnesian War broke out in 431. It lasted for 27 years. Pericles, along with many others, died of an undetermined plague during the war. The plague was especially deadly because people were crowded together within the walls of Athens, Greece, for strategic reasons connected with the war. Historians of the Archaic and Classical Period HerodotusPlutarchStraboPausaniasThucydidesDionorus  SiculusXenophonDemosthenesAeschinesNeposJustin Historians When Greece Was Dominated by the Macedonians DiodorusJustinThucydidesArrian fragments of Arrian found in PhotiusDemosthenesAeschinesPlutarch

Night World The Chosen Chapter 10 Free Essays

Or not to meet them so much as graze past them, before concentrating on his chin. She didn’t dare stare directly into them for long. â€Å"Maybe she is from another planet,† Quinn was saying to the girl. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : The Chosen Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Maybe she’s not human. Maybe I’m not, either.† That’s right, Rashel thought. Make fun of them by telling them a truth they won’t believe. But, she noticed, Quinn looked more as if he didn’t care what they found out than as if he were mocking them. â€Å"Maybe she’s from another world. Did you ever think of that?† Rashel was confused again. Quinn seemed to be trying to get himself killed. He appeared to be verging on telling these girls about the Night World, and under the laws of the Night World, that was punishable by death. You’re really slipping, Rashel thought. First the slave trade, now this. I thought you were supposed to be such a stickler for the law. â€Å"There are darker dimensions,† Quinn was confiding to the group, â€Å"than you have ever imagined. But, you see, it’s all part of life’s grand design, so it’s all right. Did you know†-he put his arm around a girl’s shoulders, gesturing outward as if inviting her to look at some horizon-â€Å"that there’s a certain kind of wasp that lays its eggs in the body of a caterpillar? A live caterpillar. And it stays alive, you see, while the eggs hatch and the little waspettes eat it from the inside out. Now, who do you think invented that?† Rashel wondered if vampires could get drunk. â€Å"That would probably be the most horrible way to die,† Daphne chimed in, her musical voice ghoulish. â€Å"Being eaten by insects. Or maybe being burned.† â€Å"It would probably depend on how fast you burned,† Quinn said meditatively. â€Å"A flash of fire-high enough temperature-you bum the nerves out in the first few seconds. Slow baking would be different.† â€Å"I’m writing a poem about fire,† Rashel said. She was surprised to find that she was annoyed because Quinn didn’t really seem to have noticed her. On second thought, she should be annoyed; her plan depended on him not only noticing but choosing her. She was going to have to capture his attention. â€Å"Do you have it with you?† Daphne was asking helpfully. â€Å"No, but I can tell you the beginning,† Rashel said. She braced herself to look at Quinn as she recited: â€Å"There’s warmth in ice; there’s cooling peace in fire, And midnight light to show us all the way. The dancing flame becomes a funeral pyre; The Dark was more enticing than the Day.† Quinn blinked. Then he smiled, and he looked Rashel over, dearly taking notice of the velvet jumpsuit and ending with her face. He looked everywhere†¦ except into her eyes. â€Å"That’s right; you’ve got it,† he said with that same brittle exhilaration. â€Å"And there’s plenty of dark out there for everyone.† Rashel’s worry that he might look too deep if he met her gaze was groundless. Quinn didn’t seem to be really seeing anybody here. â€Å"There is plenty of darkness,† Rashel said. She moved toward him, feeling strangely brave. Her instincts sensed a weakness in him, a flaw. â€Å"It’s everywhere. It’s inescapable. So the only thing we can do is embrace it.† She was standing right in front of him now, looking at his mouth. â€Å"If we hold it dose, it won’t hurt so much.† â€Å"Well. Exactly.† Quinn showed his teeth, but it wasn’t the manic smile. It was a grimace. He didn’t look happy anymore; suddenly, for just an instant, he looked tired and sick. He was almost leaning away from Rashel. â€Å"I came here so I could do that,† Rashel said in a sultry voice. She was scaring herself a little. In the name of the charade, she was doing everything she could to seduce him-but it was surprisingly easy and surprisingly enjoyable. There was a sort of tingling all over her body, as if the jumpsuit had picked up a charge. â€Å"I came to look for the darkness,† she said. Softly. Quinn laughed abruptly. The feverish good humor came flooding back. â€Å"And you found it,† he said. He went on laughing and laughing, and he reached out to touch Rashel’s cheek. Don’t let him touch you! The thought flashed through Rashel’s mind and communicated to her muscles in an instant. Without knowing how she knew, she was certain that if he touched her, it would all be over. It was skin-to-skin contact that had nearly fried every circuit in her brain before. She danced back from his fingertips and smiled teasingly, while her heart tried to pound its way out of her chest. â€Å"This place is so crowded,† she said throatily. â€Å"Huh? Oh. Then why don’t we schedule something more private? I could pick you up tomorrow night. Say seven o’clock in the parking lot.† Bingo. â€Å"But Quinn.† It was Daphne, looking aggrieved. â€Å"You told me to meet you tomorrow.† She trembled her chin. Quinn stared at her, and for once, Rashel could read his face easily. He was thinking that anybody that stupid deserved it. â€Å"Well, you can both come,† he said expansively. â€Å"Why not? The more the merrier.† He walked away laughing and laughing. Rashel watched him go, resisting an impulse to shake her head. She’d done it; she’d passed the last test and been chosen. So why was her heart still pounding? She glanced out of the side of her eye at Daphne. â€Å"Well, I don’t know about anybody else, but I’ve had enough excitement for tonight.† She went to get her coat, with the rest of Quinn’s coterie glaring jealously after her. She had one enjoyable experience on the way out. Ivan, still slouching, tried to stop her at the door. â€Å"Shelly, hey. I thought we were going to get to know each other better.† Rashel didn’t need him anymore; she had her invitation. â€Å"I’d rather get to know a head louse,† she said in her sweet chatty voice, and she stepped on his foot hard with her high heel. In the car, she waited a full twenty minutes, watching the front of the club, before Daphne joined her. â€Å"Sorry, but I didn’t want anybody to think we were leaving together.† â€Å"You did a great job,† Rashel said, driving away. â€Å"You even managed to get both of us invited to meet Quinn together-that was dangerous, but it worked. The only thing that surprised me is that he invited us in front of everybody. Is that how he did it before?† â€Å"No. Not at all. Last time, he sort of whispered it to me when nobody was around. But, you know, nothing was normal tonight. I mean, he usually asks new girls questions-I guess to figure out if they have families who’ll miss them. And he isn’t usually that-that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Manic?† â€Å"Yeah. I wonder what’s going on with him?† Rashel pressed her lips together and stared straight ahead through the windshield. â€Å"You sure you want to go through with this?† It was Sunday night and they were nearing the parking lot of the Crypt. â€Å"I’ve told you and told you,† Daphne said. â€Å"I’m ready. I can do it.† â€Å"Okay. But, listen, if there’s any trouble, I want you to run. Run away from the club and don’t look back for me. All right?† Daphne nodded. At Rashel’s suggestion, she was wearing something more sensible tonight: black pants heavy enough to provide some warmth, a dark sweater, and shoes she could run in. Rashel was dressed the same way, except that she was wearing high boots. The knife was in one. â€Å"You go first,† Rashel said, parking a street away from the club. â€Å"I’ll come in a minute.† She watched Daphne walk away, hoping she wasn’t going to get this little blond bunny killed. She herself was the danger. Quinn was going to use mind control on them to get them to go to the warehouse quietly. And Rashel wasn’t sure what would happen when he did it. Just don’t let him touch you, she told herself. You can carry it off as long as he doesn’t touch you. Five minutes later, she started toward the Crypt. Quinn was in the dark parking lot, standing by a silvery-gray Lexus. As Rashel reached the car, she saw the pale blob of Daphne’s face through the window. â€Å"I almost thought you weren’t coming.† There was now a sort of savagery mixed in with Quinn’s lunatic good humor. As if he was angry she wasn’t smart enough to save herself. â€Å"Oh, I wouldn’t miss this for the world.† Rashel kept her eyes on the car. She wanted to get this over with. â€Å"Are we going somewhere?† There was that tiny hesitation that seemed to come every time she spoke to him, as if it were taking him a minute to focus. Or as if he were trying to figure something out, she thought nervously. Then he answered smoothly, â€Å"Oh, right, get in.† Rashel got in. She glanced once at Daphne in the back seat. Daphne said, â€Å"What’s up?† in a chirpy voice laced with feminine rivalry. Good girl. Quinn was getting in the driver’s side. Once the door was shut, he turned the engine on to run the heater. The windows immediately began to fog. Rashel sat in a state of continuing mind, ready for the unexpected at any moment. Only the unexpected didn’t come. Nothing came. Quinn was just sitting there in the driver’s seat. Watching her. With a sudden void in her stomach that threatened her zanshin, Rashel realized that it was too dark. Too familiar. They were sitting here together in silence, so close, visible to each other only in silhouette, just as they had in the cellar. She could almost feel Quinn’s confusion as he tried to figure out what was bothering him. And Rashel was afraid to say anything, afraid that her chirpiest voice wouldn’t be a good-enough disguise. The horrible feeling of connection was mounting, like some giant green wave looming over them both. In a moment it would break, and Quinn would say, â€Å"I know you,† and switch on the light to see the face without the veil. Rashel’s fingers edged toward her knife. Then, through the electric buzzing in her ears, she heard Daphne say, â€Å"You know, I just love this car. I bet it goes really fast, too. This is all so exciting-I’m just so glad I got here this time. Not like last week.† She went on, blathering easily, while Rashel sank back lightheaded with relief. The connection was broken; Quinn was now looking at his instrument panel as if trying to escape the chatter. And now Daphne was talking about how exciting it was to ride in the dark. Smart, smart girl. Quinn had to interrupt her to say, â€Å"So, you two girls want to surrender to the darkness?† He said it as if he were asking if they wanted to order pizza. â€Å"Yes,† Rashel said. â€Å"Oh, yes,† Daphne said. â€Å"It’s just like we always say. I think that would be just the most seriously cool-â€Å" Quinn made a gesture at her as if to say, â€Å"For God’s sake, shut up.† Not a rough gesture. It was more like an exasperated choir director trying to get through to some soprano who wouldn’t stop at the end of the measure. Stop here. And Daphne shut up.’ Like that. As if he’d turned off a switch in her. Rashel twisted slightly to look at the backseat and saw that Daphne had slumped to one side, body limp, her breathing peaceful. Oh, God, Rashel thought. She was used to the kind of mind control other vampires had tried on her. The persuasive, whispery-voice-in-the-head type. And when Quinn hadn’t tried to use that, or to call for help in the cellar, she’d assumed he was low on telepathy. Now she knew the truth. He packed a telepathic punch like a pile driver. No, like a karate blow: swift, precise, and deadly. He turned to look at her, a dark shape against a lighter darkness. Rashel tried to brace herself. â€Å"And the rest is silence,† Quinn said, and gestured at her. Rashel fell into a void. She woke up as she was being carried into the warehouse. She had enough presence of mind not to open her eyes or make any other sign that she was conscious. It was Quinn carrying her; she could tell even with her eyes shut. When he dumped her on a mattress, she deliberately fell so that her head was turned away from him and her hair was over her face. She had a moment’s fear that he was going to discover the knife in her boot when he shackled her ankles. But he didn’t even roll up her pant leg. He seemed to be doing everything as quickly as possible, without really paying attention. Rashel heard the shackle snap shut. She kept perfectly still. She lay and listened as he brought Daphne in and chained her. Then she heard voices close by and the sound of other footsteps. â€Å"Put that one down here-what happened to her purse?† That was Lily. â€Å"It’s still in the car.† Ivan. â€Å"Okay, bring it in with the other one. I’ll do her feet.† Thump of a body hitting a mattress. Footsteps going away. The metallic clink of chains. Then a sigh from Lily. Rashel could imagine her straightening up and looking around in satisfaction. â€Å"Well, that’s it. Ivan’s got number twenty-four in the car. I guess we’re going to have one very happy client.† â€Å"Joy,† Quinn said flatly. Twenty-four? One client? â€Å"I’ll leave a message that everything’s going to be ready for the big day.† â€Å"Do that.† â€Å"You’re awfully moody, you know. It’s not just me who’s noticed it.† A pause, and Rashel imagined Quinn giving one of his black looks. â€Å"I was just thinking it was ironic. I turned down a job as a slave trader once. That was before. Do you remember before, Lily? When we lived in Charlestown and your sister Dove was still alive. A captain from Marblehead asked if I wanted to ship out to Guinea for some human cargo. Black gold, I think he called it. As I remember, I hit him on the nose. And Fight-the-Good-fight-for-Faith Johnson reported me for brawling.† â€Å"Quinn, what’s wrong with you?† â€Å"Just reminiscing about the old days in the sunlight. Of course, you wouldn’t know about that, would you? You’re lamia; you were born this way. Technically, I suppose, you were born dead.† â€Å"And technically, I suppose, you’re going peculiar. My father always said it would happen.† â€Å"Yes, and I wonder what your father would think about all this? His daughter selling humans for money. And to such a client, and for such a reason-â€Å" At that moment, while Rashel was listening desperately, hanging on every word, heavy footsteps interrupted. Ivan had returned. Quinn broke off, and he and Lily remained silent as another body thumped on a bed. Rashel cursed mentally. What client? What reason? She’d supposed the girls were being sold as regular house slaves or food supplies. But clearly that wasn’t the case. And then something happened that drove thoughts of the future right out of her mind. She heard footsteps next to her bed, and she was aware of someone leaning close. Not Quinn, the smell was wrong. Ivan. A rough hand grabbed her hair and pulled her head back. Another arm slid under her waist, lifting her up. Panic shot through Rashel, and she tried to push it away. She forced herself to stay limp, eyes shut, arms dangling passively. I ought to have been prepared for this. She’d realized from the beginning that playing her part might include allowing herself to get bitten. To feel vampire teeth on her throat, to allow them to spill her blood. But it bad never happened to her before, and it took every ounce of her will to keep from fighting. She was scared. Her arched throat felt exposed and vulnerable, and she could feel a pulse beating in it wildly. â€Å"What are you doing?† Quinn’s voice was sharp as the crack of glacier ice. Rashel felt Ivan go still. â€Å"I’ve got something to settle with this girl. She’s a smartass.† â€Å"Take your hands off her. Before I knock you through the wall.† â€Å"Quinn-† Lily said. Quinn’s voice was painfully distinct. â€Å"Drop her. Now.† Ivan dropped Rashel. â€Å"He’s right,† Lily said coolly. â€Å"They’re not for you, Ivan, and they have to be in perfect shape.† Ivan muttered something sullen and Rashel heard footsteps moving away. She lay and listened to her heart slowly calming. â€Å"I’m going to get some sleep,† Quinn said, sounding flat and dull. â€Å"See you Tuesday,† lily said. Tuesday, Rashel thought. Great. It’s going to be a very long two days. They were the most boring two days of her life. She got to know every corner of the small glass-windowed office. The windows were a problem, since she was never absolutely sure if Lily or Ivan were outside one of them, standing in the warehouse proper and looking through. She listened carefully for the warehouse doors, froze instantly at any suspicious sound, and trusted to luck. Daphne woke up Monday morning. Rashel had her neck twisted sideways and was staring through the office glass up at the one tiny window set high in the warehouse wall. Just as it turned gray with dawn, Daphne sat up and screamed. â€Å"Sh! It’s all right! You’re here in the warehouse with me.† â€Å"Rashel?† â€Å"Yeah. We made it. And I’m glad you’re awake.† â€Å"Are we alone?† â€Å"More or less,† Rashel said. â€Å"There are two other girls, but they’re both hypnotized. You’ll see when it gets lighter.† Daphne let out her breath. â€Å"Wow†¦ we did it. That’s great. So how come I’m so completely and utterly terrified?† â€Å"Because you’re a smart girl,† Rashel said grimly. â€Å"Just wait until Tuesday when they take us out.† â€Å"Take us out where?† â€Å"That’s the question.† How to cite Night World : The Chosen Chapter 10, Essay examples

Taking a Stance on Capital Punishment free essay sample

Who are we to decide who should live and who should die? Who are we to decide that the punishment should not fit the crime? Who are we to consider mercy for the merciless? These are just a few questions I would love to be able to ask someone like Carrie Marie Scott, Janna Bruce, or Sheila Whalen but I can not, they all were murdered by Stephen Peter Morin. Stephen was one of the â€Å"botched† executions by lethal injection. It took the technicians almost 45 minutes to find a suitable vein to administer the sentence. I wonder how long it took his three victims to die as he raped and tortured them in a van he sound proofed. As for the time he suffered on the table getting needles stuck in him, I hope it does not happen to anyone that did not torture and kill three innocent people. Where is the humanity for the victims? Then there is the botched execution of John Wayne Gacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking a Stance on Capital Punishment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This man tortured and killed over 25 people after his first conviction of child molestation in 1968; yet it is inhumane that his execution took 18 minutes longer to complete than normal because of a clogged IV tube? Perhaps we should ask the family of his victims if it took longer than 18 minutes for them to get over the death of their loved ones. Where is the humanity for the victims? What of the Hodges family? Richard Hodges and his 75 year old mother Mildred were both murdered by suffocation by Bert Leroy Hunter and Tomas Ervin. On December 15th, 1988; Hunter and Ervin broke into the Hodges’ family home at gun point to rob them. The Hodges’ were bound with duct tape and had plastic bags put over their heads causing them to suffocate. Death by suffocation can take upwards of eight minutes to happen; try holding your breath for a minute and you will realize the agony of this death. When hunter was executed his body convulsed violently; but this is the inhumane aspect of this entire ordeal. I feel that I would be cheating the family if I did not mention that this crime was committed after Hunter got out of jail for his first conviction of murder and in jail is where he met his accomplice Ervin. Where is the humanity for the victims? What is a lethal injection? It is a very basic process where Sodium Thiopental is used to put the person to sleep, then Pancuronium is administered to paralyze the muscles, and Potassium Chloride is used to stop the heart; if this is not given the person would die of asphyxiation from the Pancuronium. The person has an IV in both arms although one is only used as a backup in case the main fails. The person on the execution table will always have one right that he or she did not allow their victim to have; the right to die with their dignity. When you look at the very basic facts of this, that no one should take a life; everything is very simple. When people say that â€Å"this poor person died on the execution table in a horrible way;† it is really easy to take a stance and say that it is wrong. The problem is that this is a heavily flawed perspective based on initial reactions without digging further and finding the details about how the ended up on that execution table in the first place. It all comes down to protecting the ones we are supposed to protect; the people who do NOT break the law and their rights have far been overlooked for rights of the ones who victimized them. So you ask for a stance and I will take one: Killing people is wrong, but the people who have killed people should not have a voice in their treatment of way they die; their victims did not. I support lethal injection and capital punishment. So long as people are willing to kill other people in cold blood; I am willing to see them off to their demise and not stand in the way.